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# About Cronos databases.
A _cronos database_ consists of those files
CroBank.dat
CroBank.tad
CroIndex.dat
CroIndex.tad
CroStru.dat
CroStru.tad
and a Vocabulary database with another set of these files in a sub directory Voc/
`CroIndex.*` can be ignored, unless we suspect there to be residues of old data. All words are serialized in little endianess.
On a default Windows installation, the CronosPro app shows with several encoding issues that can be fixed like this:
reg set HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Nls\Codepage 1250=c_1251.nls 1252=c_1251.nls
[from](https://ixnfo.com/en/question-marks-instead-of-russian-letters-a-solution-to-the-problem-with-windows-encoding.html)
##Files ending in .dat
All .dat files start with the string `"CroFile\0"` and then 8 more header bytes
`CroStru.dat` has
xx yy 30 31 2e 30 32 01 == ? ? 0 1 . 0 2 ?
CroBank.dat and CroIndex.dat have (as found in the big dump)
xx yy 30 31 2e 30 32 0[0123] == ? ? 0 1 . 0 2 ?
xx yy 30 31 2e 30 33 0[023] == ? ? 0 1 . 0 3 ?
xx yy 30 31 2e 30 34 03 == ? ? 0 1 . 0 4 ?
which seems to be the version identifier. The xx yy part is unclear but seems not to be random, might be a checksum.
In `CroBank.dat` there's a bias towards 313 times c8 05, 196 times b8 00, 116 times 4e 13, 95 times 00 00, and 81 times 98 00 out of 1964 databases.
In `CroStru.dat` there's a bias towards 351 times c8 05, 224 times b8 00, 119 times 4e 13, 103 times 00 00 and 83 times 98 00 out of 1964 databases.
In `CroIndex.dat` there's a bias towards 312 times c8 05, 194 times b8 00, 107 times 4e 13, 107 times 00 00 and 82 times 98 00 out of 1964 databases.
##Files ending in .tad
The first two `uint32_t` seem to be the amount and the offset to the first free block.
The original description made it look like there were different formats for the block references, but all entries in the .tads appear to follow the scheme:
uint32_t offset
uint32_t size // with flag in upper bit, 0 -> large record
uint32_t checksum // but sometimes just 0x00000000, 0x00000001 or 0x00000002
where size can be 0xffffffff (probably to indicate a free/deleted block) some size entries have their top bits set. In some files the offset looks garbled but usually the top bit of the size then is set.
large records start with plaintext: { uint32 offset, uint32 size? }
followed by data obfuscated with 'shift==0'
The old description would also assume 12 byte reference blocks but a packed struct
uint32_t offset1
uint16_t size1
uint32_t offset2
uint16_t size2
with the first chunk read from offset1 with length size1 and potentially more parts with total length of size2 starting at file offset offset2 with the first `uint32_t` of the 256 byte chunk being the next chunk's offset and a maximum of 252 bytes being actual data.
However, I never found files with .tad like that. Also the original description insisted on those chunks needing the decode-magic outlined below, but the python implementation only does that for CroStru files and still seems to produce results.
##CroStru
Interesting files are CroStru.dat containing metadata on the database within blocks whose size and length are found in CroStru.tad. These blocks are rotated byte wise using an sbox found in the cro2sql sources and then each byte is incremented by a one byte counter which is initialised by a per block offset. The sbox looks like this:
unsigned char kod[256] = {
0x08, 0x63, 0x81, 0x38, 0xa3, 0x6b, 0x82, 0xa6,
0x18, 0x0d, 0xac, 0xd5, 0xfe, 0xbe, 0x15, 0xf6,
0xa5, 0x36, 0x76, 0xe2, 0x2d, 0x41, 0xb5, 0x12,
0x4b, 0xd8, 0x3c, 0x56, 0x34, 0x46, 0x4f, 0xa4,
0xd0, 0x01, 0x8b, 0x60, 0x0f, 0x70, 0x57, 0x3e,
0x06, 0x67, 0x02, 0x7a, 0xf8, 0x8c, 0x80, 0xe8,
0xc3, 0xfd, 0x0a, 0x3a, 0xa7, 0x73, 0xb0, 0x4d,
0x99, 0xa2, 0xf1, 0xfb, 0x5a, 0xc7, 0xc2, 0x17,
0x96, 0x71, 0xba, 0x2a, 0xa9, 0x9a, 0xf3, 0x87,
0xea, 0x8e, 0x09, 0x9e, 0xb9, 0x47, 0xd4, 0x97,
0xe4, 0xb3, 0xbc, 0x58, 0x53, 0x5f, 0x2e, 0x21,
0xd1, 0x1a, 0xee, 0x2c, 0x64, 0x95, 0xf2, 0xb8,
0xc6, 0x33, 0x8d, 0x2b, 0x1f, 0xf7, 0x25, 0xad,
0xff, 0x7f, 0x39, 0xa8, 0xbf, 0x6a, 0x91, 0x79,
0xed, 0x20, 0x7b, 0xa1, 0xbb, 0x45, 0x69, 0xcd,
0xdc, 0xe7, 0x31, 0xaa, 0xf0, 0x65, 0xd7, 0xa0,
0x32, 0x93, 0xb1, 0x24, 0xd6, 0x5b, 0x9f, 0x27,
0x42, 0x85, 0x07, 0x44, 0x3f, 0xb4, 0x11, 0x68,
0x5e, 0x49, 0x29, 0x13, 0x94, 0xe6, 0x1b, 0xe1,
0x7d, 0xc8, 0x2f, 0xfa, 0x78, 0x1d, 0xe3, 0xde,
0x50, 0x4e, 0x89, 0xb6, 0x30, 0x48, 0x0c, 0x10,
0x05, 0x43, 0xce, 0xd3, 0x61, 0x51, 0x83, 0xda,
0x77, 0x6f, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x74, 0x7c, 0x04, 0x88,
0x86, 0x55, 0xca, 0xf4, 0xc1, 0x62, 0x0e, 0x28,
0xb7, 0x0b, 0xc0, 0xf5, 0xcf, 0x35, 0xc5, 0x4c,
0x16, 0xe0, 0x98, 0x00, 0x9b, 0xd9, 0xae, 0x03,
0xaf, 0xec, 0xc9, 0xdb, 0x6d, 0x3b, 0x26, 0x75,
0x3d, 0xbd, 0xb2, 0x4a, 0x5d, 0x6c, 0x72, 0x40,
0x7e, 0xab, 0x59, 0x52, 0x54, 0x9c, 0xd2, 0xe9,
0xef, 0xdd, 0x37, 0x1e, 0x8f, 0xcb, 0x8a, 0x90,
0xfc, 0x84, 0xe5, 0xf9, 0x14, 0x19, 0xdf, 0x6e,
0x23, 0xc4, 0x66, 0xeb, 0xcc, 0x22, 0x1c, 0x5c };
The original description of an older database format called the per block counter start offset 'sistN' which seems to imply it to be constant for certain entries. They correspond to a "system number" of meta entries visible in the database software. Where these offsets come from is currently unknown, the existing code just brute forces through all offsets and looks for certain sentinels.
In noticed that the first 256 bytes of CroStru.dat look close to identical (except the first 16 bytes) than CroBank.dat.
##CroBank
CroBank.dat contains the actual database entries for multiple tables as described in the CroStru file. After each chunk is re-assembled (and potentially decoded with the per block offset being the record number in the .tad file).
Its first byte defines, which table it belongs to. It is encoded in cp1251 (or possibly IBM866) with actual column data separated by 0xfe. There is an extra concept of sub fields in those columns, indicated by a 0xfd byte.
## structure definitions
records start numbering at '1'.
Names are stored as: `byte strlen + char value[strlen]`
The first entry contains:
byte
array {
Name keyname
uint32_t index_or_size; // size when bit31 is set.
byte data[size]
}
this results in a dictionary, with keys like: `Bank`, `BankId`, `BankTable`, `Base`nnn, etc.
the `Base000` entry contains the record number for the table definition of the first table.
## table definitions
byte version
word16 unk1
word16 unk2
word16 unk3
word32 unk4
word32 unk5
Name tablename
Name unk6
word32 unk7
word32 nrfields
array {
word16 entrysize -- total nr of bytes in this entry.
word16 fieldtype 0 = sysnum, 2 = text, 4 = number
word32 fieldindex ??
Name fieldname
word32
byte
word32 fieldindex ??
word32 fieldsize
word32 ?
...
} fields[nrfields]
...
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